Inverse Hyperbolic Cosine function

Formula

$\large \cosh^{-1}{x} \,=\, \log_{e}{(x+\sqrt{x^2-1})}$

The inverse form of the hyperbolic cosine function is called the inverse hyperbolic cosine function.

The hyperbolic cosine function is defined in exponential functions form. Hence, the inverse hyperbolic cosine function should be in logarithmic function form and it can be derived mathematically from hyperbolic cosine function.

Proof

Take two literals $x$ and $y$. Assume, the value of $x$ is equal to the hyperbolic cosine of $y$ and it is written in mathematical form as follows.

$x \,=\, \cosh{y}$

According to this relation, the value of $y$ should be equal to the inverse cosine of $x$ and it is written in the following way.

$y \,=\, \cosh^{-1}{x}$

The relation between them can be expressed in mathematical form as follows.

$x = \cosh{y} \,\,\Leftrightarrow \,\, y = \cosh^{-1}{x}$

01.

Transforming Hyperbolic function in exponential form

On the basis of definition of hyperbolic cosine function, hyperbolic cosine function can be expressed in terms of exponential functions as follows.

$\implies x = \dfrac{e^y+e^{-y}}{2}$

$\implies x = \dfrac{e^y+\dfrac{1}{e^y}}{2}$

$\implies x = \dfrac{\dfrac{e^{2y}+1}{e^y}}{2}$

$\implies x = \dfrac{e^{2y}+1}{2e^y}$

$\implies x \times 2e^y = e^{2y}+1$

$\implies 2xe^y = e^{2y}+1$

$\implies 0 = e^{2y}-2xe^y+1$

$\implies e^{2y}-2xe^y+1=0$

$\implies {(e^y)}^2-2xe^y+1=0$

Take $u = e^y$ and change the equation in terms of $u$.

$\,\,\, \therefore \,\,\,\,\,\, u^2-2xu+1=0$

02.

Solution of the equation

The quadratic equation is in terms of $u$ and solve it to get the value of $u$.

$u$ $\,=\,$ $\dfrac{-(-2x) \pm \sqrt{{(-2x)}^2-4 \times 1 \times 1}}{2 \times 1}$

$\implies u = \dfrac{2x \pm \sqrt{4x^2-4}}{2}$

$\implies u = \dfrac{2x \pm \sqrt{4(x^2-1)}}{2}$

$\implies u = \dfrac{2x \pm 2\sqrt{x^2-1}}{2}$

$\implies u = \dfrac{2(x \pm \sqrt{x^2-1})}{2}$

$\implies \require{cancel} u = \dfrac{\cancel{2}(x \pm \sqrt{x^2-1})}{\cancel{2}}$

$\implies u = x \pm \sqrt{x^2-1}$

In fact $u = e^y$. So, replace $u$ by $e^y$ in the solution.

$\implies e^y = x \pm \sqrt{x^2-1}$

$\,\,\, \therefore \,\,\,\,\,\, e^y = x + \sqrt{x^2-1}$ and $e^y = x-\sqrt{x^2-1}$

03.

Determining the Solution

The value of the mathematical constant $e$ is a positive irrational number but the value of $y$ can be either a positive or a negative real number. Hence, the value of $e$ raised to the power of y should be a positive number. In other words, $e^y > 0$.

So, verify both solutions of $e^y$ by substituting real numbers instead of $x$.

Therefore, $x+\sqrt{x^2-1} > 0$ and $x-\sqrt{x^2-1} > 0$

Observe both inequations, the value of $x$ should be great than zero. Test both inequations for positive values.

If $x = 1$, then $1+\sqrt{{(1)}^2-1} = 1$ and $1-\sqrt{{(1)}^2-1} = 1$

If $x = 2$, then $2+\sqrt{{(2)}^2-1} = 3.7321$ and $2-\sqrt{{(2)}^2-1} = 0.2679$

If $x = 3$, then $3+\sqrt{{(3)}^2-1} = 5.8284$ and $3-\sqrt{{(3)}^2-1} = 0.1716$

If $x = 4$, then $4+\sqrt{{(4)}^2-1} = 7.8730$ and $4-\sqrt{{(4)}^2-1} = 0.1270$

$\vdots$

As the value of $x$ is increased, the value of first inequation is increased and giving a positive value whereas the value of second inequation is also giving positive value but there is a decrement in its value. So, the second inequation surely gives negative values at some point and it violates the rule.

Hence, $e^y = x+\sqrt{x^2-1}$ and $e^y \ne x-\sqrt{x^2-1}$

04.